中國建(jian)筑高層增壓供水系統競爭環境分析

政(zheng)策環(huan)境

      從節(jie)能(neng)環保(bao)和(he)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)安全(quan)的(de)角度講，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)相(xiang)繼(ji)出(chu)臺了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)些(xie)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)性的(de)標準(zhun)和(he)規(gui)范，如我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)務部(bu)(bu)門(men)于(yu)(yu)2005年(nian)5月(yue)1日(ri)頒(ban)發了(le)(le)(le)(le)《在城市供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網中試用(yong)無負(fu)壓(ya)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)備的(de)通知》，衛生(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)(bu)相(xiang)繼(ji)出(chu)臺了(le)(le)(le)(le)《生(sheng)(sheng)活飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)衛生(sheng)(sheng)監督管(guan)理(li)辦法》、《生(sheng)(sheng)活飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)集中式供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)單位衛生(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)范》、《生(sheng)(sheng)活飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)衛生(sheng)(sheng)標準(zhun)》、《生(sheng)(sheng)活飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準(zhun)檢驗(yan)方法》和(he)《二次供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)施衛生(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)范》等。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)建設(she)部(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)2007年(nian)6月(yue)1日(ri)發布了(le)(le)(le)(le)《管(guan)網疊壓(ya)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)備》作為城鎮建設(she)行(xing)業產品標準(zhun)，并自2007年(nian)12月(yue)1日(ri)起實施。在無負(fu)壓(ya)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)技(ji)術應(ying)用(yong)方面，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)建設(she)部(bu)(bu)正在醞釀(niang)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)性行(xing)業標準(zhun)，以推動(dong)該技(ji)術更有效的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。從國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府部(bu)(bu)門(men)逐漸強化公共政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府影(ying)響力來看，未(wei)來發展中，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府會(hui)加(jia)大國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安全(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)環節(jie)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點管(guan)理(li)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)屬于(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安全(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)工(gong)作的(de)一(yi)個部(bu)(bu)分(fen)，成為了(le)(le)(le)(le)未(wei)來政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府強勢工(gong)作的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點。

       從(cong)二(er)次(ci)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)講，越(yue)來越(yue)多的城市開始對城市二(er)次(ci)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進行集中管(guan)理(li)，推出(chu)相關行政規范(fan)(fan)和技術標準(zhun)，進一步規范(fan)(fan)相關市場(chang)行為，對市場(chang)高(gao)層增壓供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)產品(pin)提出(chu)了要求，為增壓供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)產品(pin)市場(chang)設(she)立了準(zhun)入門檻，從(cong)而對高層增壓供水系統市場的(de)優勝劣汰起到促進(jin)作用(yong)。

經濟環境

       不同經(jing)濟領域的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)：近年來，國民經(jing)濟繼續保(bao)持快(kuai)速增長，在高層增壓(ya)供(gong)水系(xi)統應用較多(duo)的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)領域（商(shang)業(ye)建(jian)筑(zhu)、住宅小區、學校、醫院、酒(jiu)店等）、工業(ye)領域都有(you)較大的(de)增長，帶動了增壓(ya)供(gong)水市場的(de)進一步擴展(zhan)。

      不同區(qu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)：國家“十一五“期間規劃(hua)(hua)從(cong)重產業規劃(hua)(hua)轉為(wei)重區(qu)域(yu)(yu)規劃(hua)(hua)，區(qu)域(yu)(yu)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)方向(xiang)和力(li)度一定程度上(shang)反映了(le)該區(qu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方向(xiang)和潛力(li)。目前的(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)框架是(shi)：繼續推(tui)進(jin)西部大開發(fa)，振興東北地(di)區(qu)等老工業基地(di)，促進(jin)中部地(di)區(qu)崛起(qi)，鼓勵東部地(di)區(qu)率(lv)先發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。這些(xie)建(jian)設和改造較為(wei)集中的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)為(wei)高層增壓供(gong)水系統市場的(de)(de)拓展(zhan)(zhan)帶來(lai)了(le)機會。

        城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市舊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)：國(guo)內部(bu)分城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的舊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)規(gui)劃也促(cu)進著(zhu)新型高(gao)層增(zeng)壓供水系統市場的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。從(cong)時間來(lai)看，舊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)是(shi)個不(bu)間斷的過程，取決于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方向和速度。從(cong)范圍來(lai)看，舊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)問題是(shi)每一個發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市都(dou)要面臨(lin)的問題，尤(you)其是(shi)對(dui)大型以上規(gui)模的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市而言(yan)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市膨脹(zhang)、老化問題更是(shi)顯得(de)尤(you)為突(tu)出。舊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)主要涉及到公共(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)、居(ju)民建(jian)筑(zhu)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)、或較小比例的工廠搬遷等情況(kuang)。

社(she)會環境

        社(she)會：從社(she)會環境來(lai)看，用(yong)戶目(mu)前對(dui)傳統(tong)的(de)“泵+蓄水(shui)(shui)池+高位(wei)水(shui)(shui)箱”的(de)高層增壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)供水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)增壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)供水(shui)(shui)方案接受程度呈(cheng)下降趨勢(shi)，而對(dui)更加環保(bao)的(de)變頻增壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)供水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)和無(wu)負壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)供水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)接受程度越來(lai)越高。其他行業(ye)相關單(dan)位(wei)：如建筑開(kai)發商、衛生監督部門、建筑和市政設(she)計單(dan)位(wei)等對(dui)新(xin)型節能(neng)、無(wu)污染的(de)增壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)供水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)產品具有積極的(de)推動(dong)作用(yong)。

       自來水公司或二次供(gong)(gong)水管理部門(men)：對新型(xing)產品如無(wu)負(fu)壓供(gong)(gong)水系統的使用持不同態度：在(zai)市政供(gong)(gong)水管網壓力(li)(li)不足的城(cheng)市或地(di)區(qu)(qu)，不同程度地(di)限制使用。在(zai)市政供(gong)(gong)水管網壓力(li)(li)充足的城(cheng)市或地(di)區(qu)(qu)鼓勵使用該類型(xing)設備。

技術環境(jing)

        變頻增壓供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技術使用(yong)越來越普遍，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)目前市(shi)場(chang)應(ying)用(yong)的主流(liu)；新型的無(wu)負壓供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技術障礙逐步(bu)得到(dao)解(jie)決(jue)，如斷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)問題、回流(liu)污染問題等，為(wei)(wei)其更進一步(bu)應(ying)用(yong)提供了(le)基礎(chu)；傳統的“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)+蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池+高位水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱”的供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統盡管市(shi)場(chang)規模不斷收縮，但在(zai)技術更新上還在(zai)努力，在(zai)使用(yong)材質、工藝設(she)計(ji)、施工安裝等方面(mian)都在(zai)不斷改進。

競(jing)爭環境分析——市(shi)場(chang)五(wu)力分析

       對(dui)高層增壓供(gong)水系統廠商而言，市場關聯的(de)五力因素是：上游供(gong)應商、潛在進(jin)入者(zhe)、替代品提供(gong)商、競爭對(dui)手(shou)、客(ke)戶。

       上游(you)供(gong)應(ying)商：目前國內(nei)大部分高層增壓供(gong)水系統廠商需要(yao)對(dui)高層增壓供水系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分配(pei)件如泵(beng)(beng)、閥、罐、控制系統(tong)(tong)等或(huo)多或(huo)少(shao)進行采購，這些提供(gong)(gong)配(pei)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)供(gong)(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價格談(tan)判能力(li)(li)直(zhi)接(jie)影響到增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)廠(chang)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)成本。同時具有(you)戰略(lve)眼光和實(shi)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)供(gong)(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)如泵(beng)(beng)生產(chan)廠(chang)商(shang)(shang)(shang)通常會依靠具備關鍵技(ji)術實(shi)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢，采取前向一體化的(de)(de)(de)(de)策略(lve)，將業(ye)務延伸到高層(ceng)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)提供(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。同時上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)供(gong)(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)提供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)產(chan)品也會直(zhi)接(jie)銷售到直(zhi)接(jie)用(yong)戶(hu)，由用(yong)戶(hu)自行組建簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)。因此上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)供(gong)(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)在實(shi)際意義(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)具備了(le)供(gong)(gong)貨商(shang)(shang)(shang)、競(jing)爭者(zhe)、潛在進入者(zhe)、替(ti)代品提供(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多重角(jiao)色。上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)供(gong)(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)力(li)(li)規模和發展對(dui)高層(ceng)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)廠(chang)商(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)。

        潛(qian)在進(jin)入(ru)者：潛(qian)在進(jin)入(ru)者有(you)幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情況：一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是具有(you)高(gao)(gao)層增壓供(gong)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)配件生(sheng)產能(neng)力(li)的(de)廠商，其具備一定(ding)(ding)的(de)技術(shu)實(shi)(shi)力(li)和(he)規模，相(xiang)對容(rong)易進(jin)行高(gao)(gao)層增壓供(gong)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)組(zu)裝(zhuang)生(sheng)產，擁(yong)有(you)技術(shu)優(you)勢(shi)(shi)和(he)成(cheng)本優(you)勢(shi)(shi)。一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是具備一定(ding)(ding)實(shi)(shi)力(li)的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)公司如(ru)科貿公司、工(gong)程公司、機械代理公司、各(ge)(ge)地自來水(shui)公司等，這些相(xiang)關(guan)公司通過采購各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)配件，進(jin)行較靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)組(zu)裝(zhuang)，然(ran)后依靠渠道、服務、或靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)的(de)產品組(zu)合等優(you)勢(shi)(shi)拓展市場。

        替代品提(ti)(ti)供(gong)商：主要是(shi)目(mu)前市場具(ju)(ju)有較大影響力的(de)泵(beng)生(sheng)產(chan)廠商（只提(ti)(ti)供(gong)泵(beng)產(chan)品，不提(ti)(ti)供(gong)增(zeng)壓(ya)供(gong)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）。這些廠商的(de)泵(beng)產(chan)品一部(bu)分作為生(sheng)產(chan)配件(jian)流(liu)向高(gao)層增(zeng)壓(ya)供(gong)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)廠商進(jin)行進(jin)一步(bu)的(de)集成組(zu)裝(zhuang)，也有部(bu)分泵(beng)流(liu)向最終用戶如(ru)水(shui)站，由用戶自行組(zu)裝(zhuang)成簡單的(de)高(gao)層增(zeng)壓(ya)供(gong)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)如(ru)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)“水(shui)泵(beng)+蓄水(shui)池+高(gao)位水(shui)箱”的(de)方(fang)案。另外，替代品提(ti)(ti)供(gong)商具(ju)(ju)有較強的(de)進(jin)入高(gao)層增(zeng)壓(ya)供(gong)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)能力。

       競(jing)爭者：目(mu)前高層(ceng)增壓供水(shui)系(xi)統產品(pin)品(pin)牌(pai)日趨集(ji)中(zhong)，優(you)勢向少數具有(you)一定技術實(shi)(shi)力、規模(mo)實(shi)(shi)力、營銷實(shi)(shi)力的(de)廠商靠攏，這些廠商在(zai)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)上(shang)有(you)較(jiao)強的(de)品(pin)牌(pai)影響和地位，同(tong)時占據(ju)了較(jiao)大的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)份(fen)額(e)。從整個行業層(ceng)面看，競(jing)爭主要(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)這些知名品(pin)牌(pai)之(zhi)間，其他中(zhong)小品(pin)牌(pai)主要(yao)依靠地域或客戶關(guan)系(xi)等(deng)優(you)勢在(zai)另(ling)一層(ceng)面上(shang)展開(kai)競(jing)爭。

       客戶(hu)：客戶(hu)的談判能(neng)(neng)力(li)對高層增壓供(gong)水系(xi)統(tong)廠商的盈利(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)有較大影(ying)響(xiang)。從價(jia)格而言，目(mu)前市場產品從低端到高端的延(yan)展度較高，同時整個行業(ye)增壓供(gong)水系(xi)統(tong)產品價(jia)格體系(xi)不很透明，使(shi)得客戶(hu)在價(jia)格談判能(neng)(neng)力(li)方面處于不利(li)地位。